Research Article
Evolutionary Prediction of Soil Loss from Observed Rainstorm Parameters in an Erosion Watershed Using Genetic Programming
| | Rainfall amount (P) | Kinetic energy (EK) | Rainfall intensity (I) | Gully head advance (E) | Soil detachment (D) | Factored soil detachment (Df) | Runoff (R) | Runoff rate (Rr) | Soil loss (L) | | mm | J/m2/mm | mm/hr | m | g/m2 | g/m2 | Litre | m3/s | kg/m2 |
| | Training set | | 13.5 | 30.4 | 25.2 | 45.3 | 9.5 | 9.6 | 32.8 | 6.8 | 36.0 | | 15.6 | 32.5 | 61.2 | 46.7 | 17.2 | 17.4 | 33.0 | 6.8 | 13.0 | | 32.1 | 37.7 | 43.6 | 53.9 | 18.3 | 18.5 | 39.5 | 8.3 | 56.0 | | 8.5 | 23.7 | 7.1 | 41.3 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 16.5 | 3.2 | 48.0 | | 22.3 | 35.4 | 26.4 | 50.1 | 13.6 | 13.8 | 43.5 | 9.4 | 57.0 | | 17.7 | 33.3 | 34.9 | 47.9 | 11.3 | 11.4 | 41.9 | 9.0 | 45.0 | | 12.3 | 29.2 | 48.4 | 44.5 | 19.2 | 19.4 | 32.0 | 6.5 | 50.0 | | 37.7 | 38.8 | 43.6 | 55.7 | 13.2 | 13.3 | 48.5 | 10.1 | 104.0 | | 19.7 | 34.3 | 48.3 | 48.9 | 18.6 | 18.8 | 42.2 | 9.0 | 15.0 | | 14.9 | 31.5 | 49.6 | 46.3 | 16.8 | 17.0 | 42.2 | 9.0 | 29.0 | | 12.7 | 29.6 | 49.6 | 44.8 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 33.0 | 6.8 | 50.0 | | 16.8 | 32.6 | 66.8 | 47.4 | 6.6 | 6.7 | 32.3 | 6.8 | 8.5 | | 6.9 | 20.0 | 6.7 | 39.7 | 7.9 | 8.0 | 21.2 | 4.3 | 20.0 | | 8.4 | 23.5 | 13.9 | 41.2 | 10.3 | 10.4 | 31.6 | 6.8 | 42.0 | | 13.2 | 30.0 | 9.0 | 45.1 | 8.2 | 8.4 | 53.0 | 13.3 | 56.0 | | 30.5 | 37.9 | 30.5 | 53.4 | 15.9 | 16.1 | 64.2 | 16.2 | 50.0 | | 6.8 | 19.9 | 16.9 | 39.5 | 16.9 | 17.2 | 15.5 | 4.0 | 110.0 | | 14.1 | 32.0 | 61.0 | 45.7 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 53.0 | 13.3 | 50.0 | | 13.0 | 30.2 | 55.9 | 45.0 | 7.3 | 7.4 | 55.0 | 14.0 | 13.0 | | 24.4 | 36.4 | 45.7 | 51.0 | 20.3 | 20.7 | 58.0 | 14.8 | 60.0 | | 16.6 | 33.0 | 53.4 | 47.3 | 10.5 | 10.7 | 53.0 | 13.3 | 70.0 | | 15.7 | 32.4 | 16.5 | 46.7 | 12.5 | 12.8 | 61.0 | 15.5 | 40.0 | | 22.0 | 35.6 | 30.5 | 50.0 | 13.9 | 14.2 | 63.0 | 15.8 | 25.0 | | 32.6 | 38.3 | 30.5 | 54.1 | 13.9 | 14.2 | 65.0 | 16.6 | 96.0 | | 13.1 | 30.3 | 9.3 | 45.0 | 18.6 | 19.0 | 51.0 | 13.0 | 52.0 | | 19.5 | 34.5 | 12.2 | 48.8 | 8.6 | 8.8 | 55.0 | 14.0 | 15.0 | | 5.1 | 14.0 | 33.0 | 37.3 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 14.0 | 3.5 | 27.0 | | 18.8 | 34.2 | 58.4 | 48.5 | 9.1 | 9.3 | 55.0 | 14.0 | 52.0 | | 8.8 | 24.6 | 2.0 | 41.6 | 6.2 | 6.4 | 35.0 | 9.0 | 45.0 | | 6.6 | 19.4 | 30.5 | 39.3 | 6.9 | 7.1 | 42.0 | 10.4 | 30.0 | | 15.2 | 32.0 | 33.0 | 46.4 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 43.0 | 10.8 | 20.0 | | 13.2 | 30.4 | 61.0 | 45.1 | 7.0 | 7.2 | 35.0 | 9.0 | 40.0 |
| | Validation set | | 14.7 | 31.6 | 61.0 | 46.1 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 38.0 | 9.7 | 28.0 | | 46.0 | 39.7 | 23.0 | 57.9 | 13.1 | 13.3 | 68.5 | 7.9 | 50.0 | | 15.0 | 31.6 | 18.0 | 46.3 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 43.0 | 10.8 | 40.0 | | 16.0 | 32.3 | 24.0 | 46.9 | 7.6 | 7.8 | 29.0 | 7.2 | 20.0 | | 15.0 | 31.6 | 45.0 | 46.3 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 20.5 | 5.0 | 23.0 | | 40.0 | 39.1 | 40.0 | 56.3 | 9.4 | 9.6 | 60.0 | 15.1 | 73.0 | | 35.0 | 38.4 | 48.8 | 54.9 | 8.5 | 8.7 | 60.0 | 15.1 | 92.0 | | 20.0 | 34.5 | 40.0 | 49.1 | 10.8 | 11.0 | 69.5 | 17.6 | 100.0 | | 23.0 | 35.6 | 24.6 | 50.4 | 19.2 | 19.5 | 39.5 | 10.1 | 40.0 | | 14.0 | 30.8 | 10.5 | 45.7 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 27.0 | 6.8 | 20.0 | | 43.0 | 39.5 | 41.6 | 57.2 | 8.8 | 9.0 | 64.0 | 16.2 | 43.0 | | 39.0 | 39.0 | 45.0 | 56.1 | 9.7 | 9.9 | 40.0 | 10.1 | 54.0 | | 16.0 | 32.3 | 16.3 | 46.9 | 8.2 | 8.4 | 59.5 | 15.1 | 65.0 | | 15.0 | 31.6 | 19.6 | 46.3 | 9.8 | 10.0 | 46.5 | 11.9 | 56.0 | | 8.0 | 22.7 | 13.7 | 40.8 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 60.0 | 15.1 | 10.0 | | 10.0 | 26.3 | 8.6 | 42.7 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 7.9 | 20.0 |
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