|
| Study catchments | Basin | Area (km2) | Study period | Model used | Major LULC change between study period | LULC change impact | References |
| Impact indicators | Change between study period |
|
| Weib | Genale Dawa | 7407.42 | 1986–2010 | SWAT | Forest loss by 23.1% and crop and increased by 28.3% | Mean wet monthly flow (%) | +40.7 | Addisu and Tolosa [27] |
| Dry average monthly flow (%) | −45.2 |
|
| Gumara | Blue Nile | 1413.00 | 1986–2015 | HBV | Forest loss by 6%, grassland decreased by 8% and cultivation increased by 12% | Annual river discharge (mm/year) | +300 | Birhanu et al. [1] |
| Evapotranspiration (ET) | No significant change |
| Groundwater recharge | No significant change |
| Surface runoff | No significant change |
|
| Angereb | Blue Nile | 69.42 | 1985–2011 | SWAT | Cropland increased by 7.26%, forest loss by 2.69%, and pasture land decreased by 8.39% | Mean wet monthly flow (%) | +39 | Getachew and Melesse [44] |
| Dry average monthly flow (%) | −46 |
|
| Melka Kuntrie | Awash | 4456.00 | 1986–2003 | HBV | Conversion of forest, grassland, and shrubland to cultivated land | Daily mean stream flow (%) | +2, +13, +14, and +7 in June, July, August, and September, respectively | Getahun and Haj [45] |
|
| Tekeze Dam Watershed | Tekeze | 29404.00 | 1986–2008 | SWAT | Cropland increased by 8.51%, grassland and shrubland decreased by 3.33%, and 5.61%, respectively | Mean annual stream flow (m3/s) | +8.54 | Welde and Gebremariam [30] |
| Annual sediment yield (t ha−1) | +2.63 |
|
| Gumara | Blue Nile | 1271.86 | 1973–2013 | SWAT | Forest loss by 14.38%, cropland increased by 16.63%, and grassland decreased by 6.57% | Dry season flow (m3/s) | −0.1 | Chakilu and Moges [39] |
|
| Gojeb | Omo Gibe | 7325.67 | 1989–2013 | SWAT | Forest loss by 11.88% and cropland increased by 14.97% | Stream flow (m3/s) | +8.6 | Choto and Fetene [40] |
| Sediment yield (tons/km2) | +41.07 |
|
| Andassa | Blue Nile | 587.60 | 1985–2015 | SWAT | Expansion of cultivated land and built-up area and diminishing of forest, shrubland, and grassland | Annual flow (%) | +2.2 | Gashaw et al. [42] |
| Wet seasonal flow (%) | +4.6 |
| Surface runoff (%) | +9.3 |
| Water yield (%) | +2.4 |
| Dry season flow (%) | −2.8 |
| Lateral flow (%) | −5.7 |
| Groundwater flow (%) | −7.8 |
| Evapotranspiration (ET) (%) | −0.3 |
|
| Gilgel Tekeze | Tekeze | 352.00 | 1976–2003 | WetSpa | Shrubland decreased by 18.8% and cropland increased by 15.5% | Annual surface runoff (mm) | +101 | Haregeweyn et al. [46] |
| Groundwater recharge (mm) | −39 |
| Annual ET (mm) | −91 |
|
| Ketar | Rift Valley | 3225.30 | 1986–2010 | SWAT | Forest loss by 53%, grassland decreased by 33.7%, and cropland increased by 27.7% | Mean wet monthly flow (%) | +3.8 | Fufa et al. [41] |
| Dry average monthly flow | −12.3 |
|
