Assessment and Characterization of Agricultural Salt-Affected Soils around Abaya and Chamo Lakes, South Ethiopia Rift Valley

Figure 4

Salt-affected soils principal component analysis (PCA) plot of soil chemical properties. Where pH = soil reaction, EC = electroconductivity, Ex. Ca = exchangeable calcium, Ex. Mg = exchangeable magnesium, Ex. Na = exchangeable sodium, Ex. K = exchangeable potassium, Ca²⁺ = soluble calcium, Mg²⁺ = soluble magnesium, Na⁺ = soluble sodium, K⁺ = soluble potassium, OM = organic matter, OC = organic carbon, TN = total nitrogen, CEC = cation exchange capacity, BS% = percentage of base saturation, Av. P = available phosphorous, CaCO₃ = calcium carbonate, SAR = sodium adsorption ratio, ESP = exchangeable sodium percentage, CO₃²⁻ = carbonate, HCO₃⁻ = bicarbonate, Cl⁻ = chloride, NO₃⁻ = nitrate, and SO₄⁻² = sulfate.