State-of-the-Art Graphene Synthesis Methods and Environmental Concerns

Figure 21

(a) Raman spectra of carbon black after being processed using FJH at the different initial voltage at which the capacitor bank is discharged. (b) Ratio of 2D and D peaks to G peak. Ideally, FJH graphene should have low D/G ratio (shows low defect concentration) and high 2D/G ratio (indicates turbostratic stacking). (c and f) Temperature vs time graph of FJH graphene production with Raman spectra. (d and g) Temperature vs flash duration with cooling rates and the Raman spectrum of the resulting graphene. (e) Raman spectra of FJH graphene obtained from carbon black under varying compressions [76, 77].

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