Soil Fertility Status as Influenced by Slope Gradient and Land Use Types in Southern Ethiopia

Table 1

Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) results of mean square estimates, slope gradient, land use, and interaction effect of land use types and slope gradients on physicochemical properties of soils at Azit subwatershed.

Source variation	Mean square of source of variation
	Replication (2)	LU (2)	SG (2)	SGx LU (4)	Error 16	CV (%)
Sand	4.90^ns	2.48^ns	509.50	17.70^ns	13.98	10.79
Silt	9.30^ns	14.78^ns	10.00^ns	15.20^ns	9.45	9.35
Clay	0.70^ns	23.30^∗	378.30	0.59^ns	6.25	7.69
Bulk density (BD)	0.01^ns	0.21	0.10	0.01^ns	0.01	12.59
Total porosity (f)	27.34	334.90	150.28	23.76^ns	20.66	7.02
pH	0.17	6.87	3.06	0.28^ns	0.43	11.87
OC	0.06	1.11	1.59	0.21	0.01	5.30
Total nitrogen (TN)	0.0015	0.03	0.02	0.0009^ns	0.001	8.75
Av. P (mg kg^−1)	0.10	27.24	6.61	11.80^ns	0.02	6.63
CEC (cmol (+) kg^−1)	0.81	21.53	41.70	1.38^ns	1.04	3.90
C:N	12.59	205.09	8.30^ns	14.00^ns	13.58	6.59
Exc. Ca (cmol (+) kg^−1)	2.33	19.11	12.33	1.11^ns	0.41	10.54
Exc. Mg (cmol (+) kg^−1)	6.33	8.78	23.00	0.72^ns	0.58	15.00
Exc. K (cmol (+) kg^−1)	0.40	4.42	2.40	0.26^ns	0.27	12.50
Exc. Na (cmol (+) kg^−1)	0.02	0.03	2.24	0.15^ns	0.10	11.00
PBS (%)	187.14	947.79	437.00	31.04^ns	25.60	8.67

DF = degrees of freedom,  = significant at (),  = high significant at ,  = highly significant at , ns = Nonsignificant, SG = slope gradient, LU = land uses.