Impact of Pesticides on Diversity and Abundance of Predatory Arthropods in Rice Ecosystem

Table 1

Diversity indices of predators in different growth stages of rice during kharif season.

Insect order/suborder	Crop stage	Total population		Shannon index “H”		Simpson index “D”		Reciprocal Simpson index “d”		Berger–Parker “h”		Margalef richness index		Dominant species
		T1	T2	T1	T2	T1	T2	T1	T2	T1	T2	T1	T2
Zygoptera	V	176	145	1.146	1.236	0.617	0.677	2.611	3.097	0.563	0.473	0.580	0.602	Ischnura aurora
	R	36	34	1.147	1.265	0.629	0.706	2.696	3.400	0.568	2.188	0.831	0.844
	AH	0	0	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Anisoptera	V	202	142	0.981	0.984	0.589	0.589	2.430	2.432	0.559	0.566	0.377	0.403	Crocothemis servilia
	R	102	77	0.909	0.930	0.547	0.558	2.206	2.265	0.608	1.660	0.432	0.459
	AH	35	24	0.979	1.051	0.598	0.663	2.490	2.970	0.571	0.440	0.563	0.621
Coleoptera	V	51	36	0.906	0.903	0.559	0.566	2.269	2.304	0.529	0.487	0.763	0.831	Coccinella septempunctata
	R	37	14	1.178	1.116	0.692	0.648	3.249	2.844	0.405	0.571	0.831	1.137
	AH	86	54	0.870	0.794	0.505	0.442	2.022	1.791	0.651	0.722	0.674	0.752	Paederus fuscipes
Hymenoptera	V	57	28	0.978	0.844	0.609	0.532	2.559	2.137	0.448	0.621	0.493	1.611	Ropalidia sp.
	R	101	57	0.949	0.945	0.566	0.569	2.304	2.320	0.598	0.597	0.432	0.495	Ichenemoide sp.
	AH	101	65	0.904	0.960	0.551	0.576	2.229	2.357	0.588	0.591	0.432	0.477
Arachnid	V	356	282	1.832	1.758	0.827	0.802	5.783	5.056	0.263	0.325	1.020	1.063	Tetragnatha sp.
	R	239	171	1.761	1.886	0.808	0.845	5.217	6.466	0.300	0.208	1.095	1.164	Oxyopes salticus
	AH	60	37	0.814	1.070	0.538	0.664	2.166	2.979	0.517	0.447	0.489	0.550	Neoscona theisi

“V” = vegetative; “R” = reproductive; “AH” = after harvesting; T₁ = control field (without insecticide); T₂ = farmers’ field (insecticide spray).