Review Article
Pathogenetic, Clinical, and Prognostic Features of Adult t(4;11)(q21;q23)/MLL-AF4 Positive B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Table 3
Risk stratification in adult ALL (adapted from [
36] and [
37]).
| Parameter | Favourable | Unfavourable |
| Age (years) | 18–35 | >35 | WBC count | <3 | >3 (B-cell) >1 (T-cell) | Immunophenotype | Thymic | Pro-T, Mature T Pro-B CD20 expression | Cytogenetic/molecular data | del(9p) High hyperdiploidy | t(9;22)/BCR-ABL t(4;11)/MLL-AF4 Low hypodiploidy Complex karyotype High BAALC expression Aberrations of IKZF1 gene | Time to CR | Early | Late (>3-4 weeks) | MRD after induction therapy | Negative (<10−4) | Positive (>10−4) |
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WBC: white blood count; CR: complete remission; MRD: minimal residual disease; BAALC: brain and acute leukemia cytoplasmic gene; IKZF1: IKAROS family zinc finger 1 gene.
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