Review Article
Pathogenetic, Clinical, and Prognostic Features of Adult t(4;11)(q21;q23)/MLL-AF4 Positive B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Table 3
Risk stratification in adult ALL (adapted from [
36] and [
37]).
| | Parameter | Favourable | Unfavourable |
| | Age (years) | 18–35 | >35 | | WBC count | <3 | >3 (B-cell)
>1 (T-cell) | | Immunophenotype | Thymic | Pro-T, Mature T
Pro-B
CD20 expression | | Cytogenetic/molecular data | del(9p)
High hyperdiploidy | t(9;22)/BCR-ABL
t(4;11)/MLL-AF4
Low hypodiploidy
Complex karyotype
High BAALC expression
Aberrations of IKZF1 gene | | Time to CR | Early | Late (>3-4 weeks) | | MRD after induction therapy | Negative (<10−4) | Positive (>10−4) |
|
|
WBC: white blood count; CR: complete remission; MRD: minimal residual disease; BAALC: brain and acute leukemia cytoplasmic gene; IKZF1: IKAROS family zinc finger 1 gene.
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