Dendritic Cell Development: A Choose-Your-Own-Adventure Story

Table 1

Surface molecule expression of steady state dendritic cell subsets. Phenotype of lymphoid-resident CD8⁺ cDC, CD8⁻ cDC, pDC, nonlymphoid tissue-resident CD11b⁺, CD103⁺, CD103⁺ CD11b⁺ DCs, and Langerhans cells. CD103⁺ CD11b⁺ DCs only exist in the lamina propria of the intestine. Transcription factors important for each DC lineage and known human DC equivalent subsets are listed. *Thymic CD8⁺ cDCs express Langerin. ^#CD103⁺ DCs in the peyer’s patches also express CD8α. Abbreviations, CD numeration, and alternate names: DEC-205 (CD205), B220 (CD45R), PDCA-1 (plasmacytoid DC Ag-1; CD317; Bst2), Siglec H (Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin H), Langerin (CD207), CD141 (BDCA-3), CD1c (BDCA-1), and CD303 (BDCA-2).

CD11c

MHC class II

CD8α

CD11b

CD4

DEC-205

B220

PDCA-1

Siglec-H

CD103

Langerin

Master regulators

Minor regulators

Human DC subset equivalent

CD8^+ cDC

+

+

+

−

−

+

−

−

−

−

−*

PU.1, Id2, Batf3, E4BP4, IRF-8, Flt3

Gfi1, IRF-1, IRF-2

CD11c^lo CD141^+ CD11b^−; XCR1^+

CD8^− cDC

+

+

−

+

+/−

−

−

−

−

−

−

PU.1, RelB, Flt3

Gfi1, Id2, IRF-1, IRF-4, IRF-7

CD11c^hi CD11b^+; CD1c^+

pDC

int

int

−

−

−

+

+

+

+

−

−

E2-2, PU.1, Ikaros, IRF-8, Flt3

Spi-B, Gfi1, IRF-2

CD123^+ CD303^+; CD304^+

CD103^+

+

+

−^#

−

−

+

−

−

−

+

+

Id2, Batf3, IRF-8

CD11b^+

+

+

−

+

−

+/−

−

−

−

−

−

CD103^+

+

+

−

+

−

+

−

−

−

+

−

CD11b^+

Langerhans cells

int

+

−

+

−

+

−

−

−

−

+

Id2, M-CSFR

IRF-8

CD1c = BDCA-1.
CD303 = BDCA-2.
CD141 = BDCA-3.
CD103⁺ are CD8⁺ in the peyer’s patches.
CD103⁺ CD11b⁺ only in lamina propria.