Research Article
Cystatin C-Based Equations Detect Hidden Kidney Disease and Poor Prognosis in Newly Diagnosed Patients with Multiple Myeloma
Table 1
Characteristics of the cohort of newly diagnosed and untreated multiple myeloma patients enrolled in the study.
| | Variable | Patients (n = 61) |
| | Sex | | | Female | 24 (39) | | Male | 37 (61) | | Mean age (years) | 68 ± 11 | | Heavy-light chain MM | | | IgA-kappa | 9 (15%) | | IgG-kappa | 21 (34%) | | IgG-lambda | 9 (15%) | | IgA-lambda | 14 (23%) | | Light chain MM | | | Kappa | 2 (3%) | | Lambda | 6 (10%) | | R-ISS stage at diagnosis | | | 1 | 16 (26) | | 2 | 31 (51) | | 3 | 14 (23) | | PET/CT scan (n = 50) | | | Normal | 21 (42) | | <5 lesions | 11 (22) | | 5–20 lesions | 14 (28) | | >20 lesions | 4 (8) | | Bone marrow plasmacytosis >50% | 16 (26) | | Adverse cytogenetics (del (17p), t (4,14), t (14,16)) | 11 (18) | | Biochemical phenotype | | | Kappa (mg/mL) | 25 (12.5–15.1) | | Lambda (mg/mL) | 24 (10–71) | | Kappa/lambda ratio | 0.87 (0.12–13.2) | | Serum monoclonal component (g/L) | 22.5 ± 17 | | Urine monoclonal component (g/L) | 0.08 (0.03–0.18) | | Proteinuria (g/L) | 0.27 (0.23–0.56) | | Albumin (g/L) | 35.7 ± 6.3 | | Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.4 ± 2.5 | | Calcium (mg/dL) | 10.9 ± 1.1 | | Phosphate (mg/dL) | 4.1 ± 1.3 | | LDH (U/L) | 406 ± 200 | | β-2-Microglobulin (mg/L) | 6.5 ± 5.5 | | Uric acid (mg/dL) | 6.5 ± 2.5 | | Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.35 ± 1.2 | | Cystatin C (mg/L) | 1.67 ± 0.93 |
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