Research Article
Anemia Prevalence and Risk Factors in Two of Ethiopia’s Most Anemic Regions among Women: A Cross-Sectional Study
Table 2
Percentage distribution and test of association between anemia level and predictor variables (N = 2,519).
| | Variables | Categories | Chi-square analysis | | Mother’s anemia level | | Nonanemic N(%) | Mild N(%) | Moderate N(%) | Severe N(%) | | value |
| | Region | Afar | 562 (49.8%) | 311 (27.6%) | 237 (21%) | 18 (1.6%) | 59.7 | ≤0.000 | | Somali | 525 (37.7%) | 378 (27.2%) | 424 (30.5%) | 64 (4.6%) | | |
| | Birth type | Single | 284 (53.50%) | 125 (23.5%) | 118 (22.2%) | 4 (0.80%) | 37.3 | ≤0.000 | | Multiple | 803 (40.4%) | 564 (28.4%) | 543 (27.3%) | 78 (3.9%) | | |
| | Maternal education level | Tertiary | 32 (58.2%) | 8 (14.5%) | 15 (27.3%) | 0 (0.00%) | 37.5 | ≤0.000 | | Secondary | 62 (54.9%) | 28 (24.8%) | 22 (19.5%) | 1 (0.90%) | | | | Primary | 244 (49.9%) | 132 (27.0%) | 105 (21.5%) | 8 (1.6%) | | | | No education | 749 (40.2%) | 521 (28.0%) | 519 (27.9%) | 73 (3.9%) | | |
| | Diarrheal status | No | 340 (48.6%) | 186 (26.6%) | 159 (22.7%) | 15 (2.1%) | 15.1 | 0.002 | | Yes | 747 (41.1%) | 503 (27.7%) | 502 (27.6%) | 67 (3.7%) | | |
| | Religion | Orthodox | 65 (73.0%) | 12 (13.5%) | 12 (13.5%) | 0 (0.00%) | 37.7 | ≤0.000 | | Muslim | 1006 (42%) | 670 (27.9%) | 644 (26.8%) | 82 (3.4%) | | | | Others | 16 (57.1%) | 7 (25.0%) | 5 (17.9%) | 0 (0.00%) | | |
| | Family size | <6 | 533 (44.5%) | 309 (25.8%) | 312 (26.1%) | 43 (3.6%) | 3.8 | 0.284 | | ≥6 | 554 (41.9%) | 380 (28.7%) | 349 (26.4%) | 39 (3.0%) | | |
| | Sex of household head | Male | 614 (41.7%) | 399 (27.1%) | 403 (27.4%) | 55 (3.7%) | 6.0 | 0.110 | | Female | 473 (45.1%) | 290 (27.7%) | 258 (24.6%) | 27 (2.6%) | | |
| | Wealth index | Rich | 42 (40.8%) | 23 (22.3%) | 32 (31.1%) | 6 (5.80%) | 56.7 | ≤0.000 | | Middle | 301 (56.1%) | 122 (22.7%) | 110 (20.5%) | 4 (0.70%) | | | | Poor | 744 (39.6%) | 544 (29.0%) | 519 (27.6%) | 72 (3.8%) | | |
| | Contraceptive use | No | 824 (53.3%) | 352 (22.8%) | 328 (21.2%) | 41 (2.7%) | 169 | ≤0.000∗ | | Yes | 263 (27.0%) | 337 (34.6%) | 333 (34.2%) | 41 (4.2%) | | |
| | Sex of child | Male | 410 (42.1%) | 276 (28.4%) | 253 (26.0%) | 34 (3.5%) | 1.29 | 0.732 | | Female | 677 (43.8%) | 413 (26.7%) | 408 (26.4%) | 48 (3.1%) | | |
| | Parity | 0–3 | 227 (44.7%) | 152 (29.9%) | 118 (23.2%) | 11 (2.2%) | 11.6 | 0.072 | | 4-5 | 235 (39.4%) | 170 (28.5%) | 165 (27.7%) | 26 (4.4%) | | | | ≥6 | 625 (44.2%) | 367 (25.9%) | 378 (26.7%) | 45 (3.2%) | | |
| | Currently pregnant | No | 976 (51.5%) | 486 (25.7%) | 398 (21.0%) | 34 (1.8%) | 262 | ≤0.000∗ | | Yes | 111 (17.8%) | 203 (32.5%) | 263 (42.1%) | 48 (7.7%) | | | | Residence | Urban | 73 (74.5%) | 15 (15.3%) | 9 (9.2%) | 1 (1.00%) | 41.5 | ≤0.000 | | Rural | 1014 (41.9%) | 674 (27.8%) | 652 (26.9%) | 81 (3.4%) | | |
| | Toilet facility | Yes | 619 (47.8%) | 339 (26.2%) | 312 (24.1%) | 25 (1.9%) | 33.8 | ≤0.000 | | No | 468 (38.2%) | 350 (28.6%) | 349 (28.5%) | 57 (4.7%) | | |
| | ANC follow-up | Yes | 785 (52.4%) | 347 (23.1%) | 334 (22.3%) | 33 (2.2%) | 131 | ≤0.000 | | No | 302 (29.6%) | 342 (33.5%) | 327 (32.1%) | 49 (4.8%) | | |
| | Marital status | Single | 217 (46.4%) | 114 (24.4%) | 129 (27.6%) | 8 (1.70%) | 13.5 | 0.036 | | Married | 767 (41.6%) | 522 (28.3%) | 486 (26.4%) | 69 (3.7%) | | | | Others | 103 (49.8%) | 53 (25.6%) | 46 (22.2%) | 5 (2.40%) | | |
| | Husband education level | Tertiary | 41 (44.1%) | 21 (22.6%) | 28 (30.1%) | 3 (3.20%) | 10.3 | 0.323 | | Secondary | 67 (51.5%) | 31 (23.8%) | 26 (20.0%) | 6 (4.60%) | | | | Primary | 122 (47.5%) | 69 (26.8%) | 58 (22.6%) | 8 (3.10%) | | | | No education | 857 (42.0%) | 568 (27.9%) | 549 (26.9%) | 65 (3.2%) | | |
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Others : protestant/catholic/pagan, others : divorced/widowed/separate, : chi-square. |
