Anemia Prevalence and Risk Factors in Two of Ethiopia’s Most Anemic Regions among Women: A Cross-Sectional Study
Table 3
Bi-variable and multivariable analysis of ordinal logistic regression for factors associated with anemia among women in two highly anemic regions of Ethiopia (N = 2,519).
Variables
Categories
Ordinal logistic regression result
Bi-variable analysis
Multivariable analysis
COR (95% CI)
AOR (95% CI)
Region
Afar (ref.)
Somali
1.7 (1.5, 2.0)
1.6 (1.37, 1.90)
Birth type
Single (ref.)
Multiple
1.66 (1.38, 1.99)
0.92 (0.68, 1.20)
Maternal education level
Tertiary (ref.)
Secondary
0.99 (0.5, 1.94)
0.81 (0.44, 1.5)
Primary
1.2 (0.66, 2.2)
0.96 (0.55, 1.7)
No education
1.8 (1.0, 3.2)
1.3 (0.74, 2.3)
Diarrheal status
No (ref.)
Yes
1.37 (1.2, 1.6)
1.1 (0.87, 1.3)
Religion
Orthodox (ref.)
Muslim
3.6 (2.2, 5.90)
1.3 (0.76, 2.2)
Others
1.9 (0.82, 4.4)
0.85 (0.4, 1.8)
Family size
<6 (ref.)
≥6
1.05 (0.91, 1.20)
1 (0.84, 1.2)
Sex of household head
Male (ref.)
Female
0.84 (0.73, 0.98)
0.93 (0.79, 1.1)
Wealth index
Rich (ref.)
Middle
0.47 (0.31, 0.73)
0.66 (0.4, 1.1)
Poor
0.9 (0.60, 1.34)
0.83 (0.51, 1.34)
Contraceptive use
No (ref.)
Yes
2.5 (2.14, 2.9)
3 (2.5, 3.6)
Sex of child
Male (ref.)
Female
0.96 (0.83, 1.1)
1 (0.84, 1.2)
Parity
0–3 (ref.)
4-5
1.3 (1.06, 1.60)
1.3 (1.05, 1.66)
≥6
1.1 (0.92, 1.30)
1.4 (1.1, 1.7)
Currently pregnant
No (ref.)
Yes
4 (3.30, 4.60)
2.8 (2.3, 3.4)
Residence
Urban (ref.)
Rural
4 (2.5, 630)
1.5 (0.938, 2.5)
ANC follow-up
Yes (ref.)
No
2.2 (1.90, 2.60)
1.9 (1.6, 2.3)
Toilet facility
Yes (ref.)
No
1.5 (1.27, 1.70)
1.3 (1.1, 1.6)
Marital status
Single (ref.)
Married
1.16 (0.96, 1.41)
1.4 (1.1, 1.9)
Others
0.85 (0.62, 1.16)
1.3 (0.92, 1.9)
Husband education level
Tertiary (ref.)
Secondary
0.71 (0.42, 1.21)
0.84 (0.47, 1.5)
Primary
0.8 (0.503, 1.26)
0.69 (0.42, 1.14)
No education
0.99 (0.67, 1.50)
0.87 (0.55, 1.4)
/cut1 (ref.)
/cut1
—
2.0 (0.89, 3.05)
/cut2
—
3.3 (2.3, 4.4)
/cut3
—
6.1 (5, 7.2)
Note. LRT (X ^ 2 (DF = 25)) = 582.463 and , Hosmer–Lemeshow test [X^2 (DF = 4562)] = 4555.660 and value = 0.524, test of parallel lines (X ^ 2 (DF = 50)) = 61.805 and value = 0.122, ref.: reference, significance at value <0.05, others: protestant/catholic/pagan, others: divorced/widowed/separate.
