A Review of Mobile Robotic Telepresence

Table 1

An overview of common MRP systems appearing in the literature.

MRP system	Commercial	Intended application area	Adjustable height	Manipulation/expressions	Navigation/sensors	Selected references
PRoP	No	Research	No	Laser pointer, 2 DOF hand/arm	No	[7, 8]
Giraff	Yes	Elderly	No	No	No	[9]
QB	Yes	Office	Yes	Laser pointer	Motion sensors for platform stabilization	[10, 11, 17]
Texai	No	Office	No	No	Laser-range finders, bumper	[12]
Beam	Yes	Office	No	No	No	[14]
VGo	Yes	Office	No	Handheld remote for local control	Cliff sensor	[15, 17, 18]
PEBBLES	No	School	No	Hand	No	[16]
MantaroBot Classic	Yes	Office	Yes	Laser pointer	Infrared obstacle detection, tip detection using three accelerometers	[19]
MantaroBot TeleMe	Yes	Office	No	Laser pointer	Infrared obstacle detection, tip detection using three accelerometers	[19]
Double	Yes	Unspecified	Yes motorized	No	Gyroscope and accelerometer for balance. Kick-stands when static.	[20]
mObi	No	Research	No	No	Kick-stands for safety.	[21]
Jazz Connect	Yes	Office	No	No	Obstacle detection. 8 ultrasonic sensors, 4 IR sensors, and high-end 30 m range telemetric laser for autonomous navigation (optional)	[22, 23]
iRobot Ava	Yes	Healthcare	Yes	Yes	Laser, Sonar, 2D/3D imaging for autonomous navigation, Cliff sensor, and contact bumper. Omnidirectional navigation	[24]
9th Sense Helo and Telo	Yes	Unspecified	No	No	No, but ports for peripherals are available.	[25]
RP-7	Yes	Healthcare	No	No	Omnidirectional navigation. Obstacle detection via + 30 infrared sensors	[26, 27]
MeBot	No	Research	No	3 DOF arms and 3 DOF neck	Obstacle and cliff detection	[28]