Prospects for Studies of the Free Fall and Gravitational Quantum States of Antimatter

Table 2

The -dependence of several properties of Rydberg atoms, with examples shown for the 30 d state of Ps, H, and He. The state separation is calculated for 30 d31 d. The orbital radius is defined here as the expectation value , where includes the relevant quantum defect. The electric dipole moment-to-mass ratios are calculated for the outermost state of the = 30, = 2 Stark manifold. The radiative lifetime -dependence applies only to low states: for circular states, the scaling is closer to (see Figure 9).

	-Scaling	Ps	H	He
Binding energy (meV)		−7.56	−15.11	−15.12
State separation (meV)		0.48	0.96	0.96
Orbital radius ()		2694	1347	1347
Radiative lifetime (s)		28.4	14.2	12.2
Dipole moment/mass (/amu)			1206	304