Research Article
Properties and Behaviors of Heavy Quarkonia: Insights through Fractional Model and Topological Defects
Table 4
Expectation value of charmonium of
(GeV) for two models (the classical model (
, ), the fractional model (
, )).
| State | The classical model (GeV) | The fractional model (GeV) | [44] | [44] | [45] | [46] |
| 1S | 1.173 | 0.502 | 0.456 | 0.454 | 0.492 | 0.507 |
| 2S | 0.805 | 0.268 | 0.251 | 0.250 | 0.325 | 0.396 |
| 1P | 0.342 | 0.308 | 0.312 | 0.312 | ā | 0.316 | 0.795 | 0.393 | 0.276 | 0.485 |
| 2P | 0.319 | 0.197 | 0.188 | 0.188 | 0.307 | 0.239 | 0.628 | 0.231 | 0.263 | 0.262 |
| 1D | 0.226 | 0.442 | 0.202 | 0.203 | ā | | 0.396 | 0.347 | 0.562 | 0.275 | 0.254 | 0.224 | 0.184 | 0.189 |
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