Assessing the Short-Term Effects of No-Till on Crop Yield, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Soil C and N Pools in a Cover-Cropped, Biodynamic Mediterranean Vineyard

Table 2

Physical properties of the soil samples collected from the tractor and vine rows of the experimental plots in 2021, three years after practice implementation. Values are means ± standard errors. Letters within the same column indicate significant differences between treatments, locations, and depths at .

			Bulk density (g·cm^−3)	Stable aggregates (%)	WHC (g·g soil^−1)
Tractor r	0–15 cm	No-till	0.844 ± 0.05	66.5 ± 4.57^a	1.11 ± 0.03
		Till	0.897 ± 0.05	69.2 ± 1.83^a	1.03 ± 0.06
	15–30 cm	No-till	0.791 ± 0.09	64.9 ± 5.04^b	1.12 ± 0.03
		Till	0.862 ± 0.06	60.6 ± 2.53^b	1.11 ± 0.02
Vine r	0–15 cm	No-till	0.805 ± 0.06	65.7 ± 4.48^a	1.10 ± 0.02
		Till	0.859 ± 0.04	69.7 ± 1.90^a	1.04 ± 0.01
	15–30 cm	No-till	0.769 ± 0.04	60.7 ± 2.57^b	1.09 ± 0.02
		Till	0.798 ± 0.12	65.1 ± 1.74^b	1.05 ± 0.02