Assessing the Short-Term Effects of No-Till on Crop Yield, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Soil C and N Pools in a Cover-Cropped, Biodynamic Mediterranean Vineyard

Table 5

Effects of tillage on cover crop (CC) biomass and associated C and N inputs, vine yield, and grape chemistry in 2018, 2019, and 2020. Letters within the same column indicate significant differences between treatments and years at .

		CC biomass (g·m^−2)	CC C input (g·m^−2)	CC N input (g·m^−2)	Yield (kg·vine^−1)	Anthocyanins (mg·g^−1)	Phenolics (mg·g^−1)
2018	No-till	123 ± 25^b	52.3 ± 10.6^a	1.6 ± 0.3^b	2.63 ± 0.4^b	0.26 ± 0.02^b	0.09 ± 0.04^b
	Till	158 ± 25^b	67.4 ± 11.3^a	2.4 ± 0.3^b	2.72 ± 0.5^b	0.30 ± 0.02^b	0.05 ± 0.03^b
2019	No-till	222 ± 27^a	38.2 ± 4.9^ab	4.8 ± 0.9^a	3.86 ± 0.3^a	0.23 ± 0.03^b	0.03 ± 0.02^b
	Till	154 ± 18^a	49.1 ± 11.2^ab	3.4 ± 0.4^a	3.94 ± 0.5^a	0.20 ± 0.03^b	0.04 ± 0.02^b
2020	No-till	59 ± 17^c	24.4 ± 7^b	1.3 ± 0.3^b	2.99 ± 0.1^b	0.89 ± 0.07^a	0.14 ± 0.07^a
	Till	62 ± 5^c	25.4 ± 2^b	1.5 ± 0.1^b	2.60 ± 0.2^b	0.88 ± 0.08^a	0.16 ± 0.08^a