The so-called ideal and subalgebra and some additional concepts of <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-2.26807pt" id="M2" height="11.5564pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 49.1759 11.5564" width="49.1759pt"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-79"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,10.91,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-41"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,15.408,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-51"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,21.648,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-45"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,26.791,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-51"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,33.031,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-45"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,38.174,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-49"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,44.414,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-42"/></g></svg> algebras are discussed. A partial order and congruence relations on <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-2.26807pt" id="M3" height="11.5564pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 49.1759 11.5564" width="49.1759pt"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-79"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,10.91,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-41"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,15.408,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-51"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,21.648,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-45"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,26.791,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-51"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,33.031,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-45"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,38.174,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-49"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,44.414,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-42"/></g></svg> algebras are also proposed, and some properties are investigated.

Fang-an Deng

Lu Chen

ShouHeng Tuo

ShengZhang Ren

Characterizations of <svg  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"   style="vertical-align:-2.26807pt" height="11.5564pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 49.1759 11.5564" width="49.1759pt"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path id="g113-79" d="M822 650H589L583 622C660 617 677 607 674 561C672 534 664 481 647 390L600 137H596L273 650H126L120 622C176 620 194 615 207 594C221 571 225 557 214 504L161 257C141 166 129 112 121 85C108 42 83 30 29 28L23 0H260L266 28C193 33 173 42 176 89C178 122 186 172 202 255L256 527H259L583 -8H612L690 390C708 481 720 535 728 558C744 603 756 619 816 622L822 650Z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,10.91,0)"><path id="g113-41" d="M300 -147C201 -63 143 98 143 270S200 602 300 686L282 710C136 610 70 450 70 271V270C70 89 136 -72 282 -170L300 -147Z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,15.408,0)"><path id="g113-51" d="M412 140C382 77 369 73 315 73H129L270 222C362 320 402 379 402 466C402 571 322 635 234 635C177 635 130 609 99 576L42 495L64 475C90 514 133 568 201 568C274 568 318 519 318 435C318 349 255 267 193 193C144 135 87 78 32 23V0H405C417 45 427 89 440 131L412 140Z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,21.648,0)"><path id="g113-45" d="M95 130C70 130 46 113 46 88C46 72 54 64 59 64C93 55 121 33 121 -3C121 -41 93 -68 44 -88L55 -117C117 -98 186 -56 186 22C186 91 131 130 95 130Z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,26.791,0)"><path id="g113-51" d="M412 140C382 77 369 73 315 73H129L270 222C362 320 402 379 402 466C402 571 322 635 234 635C177 635 130 609 99 576L42 495L64 475C90 514 133 568 201 568C274 568 318 519 318 435C318 349 255 267 193 193C144 135 87 78 32 23V0H405C417 45 427 89 440 131L412 140Z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,33.031,0)"><path id="g113-45" d="M95 130C70 130 46 113 46 88C46 72 54 64 59 64C93 55 121 33 121 -3C121 -41 93 -68 44 -88L55 -117C117 -98 186 -56 186 22C186 91 131 130 95 130Z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,38.174,0)"><path id="g113-49" d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,44.414,0)"><path id="g113-42" d="M275 270C275 450 212 609 64 710L45 686C145 604 203 442 203 270S147 -63 45 -147L64 -170C213 -68 275 89 275 270Z" /></g></svg> Algebras

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Algebra

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Table of Contents: 2016

Characterizations of Algebras