Research Article
Analysis of Digital Image Watermarking Techniques through Hybrid Methods
Table 4
PSNR, SSIM, and NC values under type 2 attacks.
| | Schemes | Test image | Sharpening | Blurring | Average filter (AF) | Median filter (MF) | Resizing/scaling | Poisson noise (PN) | Gaussian white noise (GWN) | Speckle noise (SN) |
| | DWT-DCT [3] | Lena | — | — | — | SSIM = 0.9777 | SSIM = 0.9798 | — | SSIM = 0.9558 (μ = 0, var = 0.01) | — | | DWT-SVD [4] | Lena | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | NC = 1.0 (for scaling factor = 0.8) | | DWT-SVD [5] | Cameraman | — | — | PSNR = 20.6928 | — | — | — | — | — | | DWT-SVD [7] | Goldhill | — | — | — | — | — | — | PSNR = 30.000 (for scaling factor, μ = 5) | — | | DWT-DCT [10] | Lena | — | — | — | BER = 4.45 (for 3 × 3) | BER = 1.09 (scaling 25%) | — | — | — | | DWT-DCT-SVD [12] | Abdominal | — | — | NC = 0.9940 (for 5 × 5) | NC = 0.9995 (for 3 × 3) | — | — | — | NC = 0.9996 (for density = 0.08) | | LWT-DCT-SVD [13] | Lena | PSNR = 45.00733 | — | PSNR = 43.74854 (for 3 × 3) | PSNR = 44.06895 (for 3 × 3) | PSNR = 44.43792 (for 512 to 256 to 512) | PSNR = 44.23103 | — | PSNR = 43.78754 (for μ = 0, var = 0.04 | | DCT-SVD [14] | Barbara | — | — | — | NC = 0.8812 | — | — | — | — | | DCT-DWT [17] | Baboon | NC = 0.9292 (for scaling factor = 80) | NC = 0.9663 (for scaling factor 80) | NC = 0.9715 (for scaling factor 80) | NC = 0.9988 (for scaling factor 80) | NC = 0.9589 (for scaling factor 80) | NC = 0.9589 (for scaling factor 80) | NC = 0.9982 (for scaling factor 80) | NC = 0.8770 (for scaling factor 80) | | DWT-SVD [18] | Pepper | — | — | — | — | — | NC = 1.0000 | — | NC = 0.9346 |
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