| | Schemes | Limitations | Applications |
| | DWT-DCT [3] | Less robust against HE, SPN, LPGF, JPEG 2000, rotation, sharpening, blurring, AF, PN, SN, print/scan attack, and combined attacks | Copyright protection | | DWT-SVD [4] | Less robust against LPGF, JPEG 2000, cropping, rotation, sharpening, blurring, AF, MF, resizing, PN, GWN, print/scan attack, and combined attacks | — | | DWT-SVD [5] | Less secured, not robust against HE, SPN, LPGF, JPEG compression, JPEG 2000, rotation, sharpening, blurring, resizing, PN, GWN, SN, print/scan attack, and combined attacks | — | | DWT-SVD [7] | Not robust against JPEG 2000, sharpening, blurring, resizing, PN, SN, print/scan attack, and combined attacks | Copyright protection and multimedia security | | DWT-DCT [8] | Not robust against sharpening, blurring, AF, MF, resizing, PN, GWN, SN, print/scan attack, and combined attacks | Telemedicine security | | DCT-DWT [9] | Not robust against sharpening, blurring, AF, MF, PN, GWN, SN, print/scan attack, and combined attacks | Digital images security | | DWT-DCT [10] | Not robust against AF, PN, GWN, SN, print/scan attack, combined attacks, and desynchronization attacks | — | | SVD-DCT [11] | Not robust against SPN, LPGF, JPEG 2000, rotation, sharpening, blurring, AF, GWN, PN, SN, print/scan attack, and combined attacks | Copyright protection | | DWT-DCT-SVD [12] | Not robust against HE, LPGF, JPEG compression, JPEG 2000, rotation, cropping, sharpening, blurring, resizing, PN, GWN, print/scan attack, and combined attacks | Medical image security | | LWT-DCT-SVD [13] | Less robust against JPEG 2000, print/scan attack, desynchronization attacks, and combined attacks | Multimedia security | | DCT-SVD [14] | Less robust against GN, LPGF, histogram equalization, JPEG compression, JPEG 2000, sharpening, blurring, resizing, PN, GWN, desynchronization attacks, and combined attacks | Medical science and defense applications | | DFT-DCT and Arnold transform [15] | Less robust against rotation, sharpening, blurring, AF, MF, wiener filter, print/scan attack, resizing, PN, GWN, SN, desynchronization, and combined attacks | Copyright protection | | DWT-DCT [16] | Less robust against HE, JPEG 2000, rotation, sharpening, blurring, AF, MF, Wiener filter, print/scan attack, resizing, PN, GWN, SN, desynchronization, and combined attacks | Multimedia security and copyright protection | | DCT-DWT [17] | Not robust against HE, LPGF, JPEG 2000, cropping, Wiener filter, print/scan attack, desynchronization, and combined attacks | Copyright protection | | DWT-SVD [18] | Not robust against HE, LPGF, JPEG 2000, cropping, sharpening, blurring, AF, MF, resizing, GWN, Wiener filter, print/scan attack, desynchronization, and combined attacks | Copyright protection |
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