Mortality in a Cohort of HIV-Infected Children: A 12-Month Outcome of Antiretroviral Therapy in Makurdi, Nigeria
Table 1
Predictors of mortality at 6 months of highly active antiretroviral therapy.
Clinical variables
Mortality
No mortality
Bivariate analysis
Multivariate analysis
cHR
95% CI
value
aHR
95% CI
value
Baseline demography
Age (months)
<12
10 (31.2)
22 (68.8)
274060.24
—
0.840
—
—
—
12–35
16 (28.6)
40 (71.4)
274243.21
—
0.840
—
—
—
36–59
4 (6.1)
62 (93.9)
47987.49
—
0.862
—
—
—
>59 (ref)
0 (0.0)
206 (100.0)
—
—
—
—
—
—
Gender
Female
12 (7.4)
150 (92.6)
0.806
0.388–1.673
0.562
—
—
—
Male (ref)
18 (9.1)
180 (90.9)
—
—
—
—
—
—
HAART regimens on enrolment
EFV based
10(21.7)
36 (78.3)
8.515
3.360–21.578
0.001
1.963
0.462–8.332
0.361
ABC/3TC/AZT or D4T
12 (42.9)
16 (57.1)
17.577
7.173–43.069
0.001
2.104
0.580–7.629
0.258
NVP based
8 (2.8)
278 (97.2)
—
—
—
—
—
—
Prevalent TB at enrolment
Yes
21 (28.8)
52 (71.2)
10.412
4.766–22.745
0.001
1.444
0.420–4.963
0.560
No (ref)
9 (3.1)
276 (93.2)
—
—
—
—
—
—
Baseline clinical/laboratory findings
WHO clinical staging
3 and 4
28 (12.6)
194 (87.4)
8.702
2.073–36.531
0.003
1.863
0.365–9.508
—
1 and 2 (ref)
2 (1.4)
136 (98.6)
—
—
—
—
—
—
CD4 count Severe immunosuppression#
Yes
30 (25.2)
89 (74.8)
218.350
6.322–7541.150
0.003
137813
0.875
No (ref)
0 (0.0)
241 (100)
—
—
—
—
—
—
Viral load (copies/ml)
≥10,000
29 (13.7)
182 (86.3)
22.217
3.026–163.111
0.002
18.089
2.428–134.77
0.005
<10,000 (ref)
1 (0.7)
148 (99.3)
—
—
—
—
—
—
Anaemia (<8 g/dl)
Yes
2 (3.2)
60 (96.8)
0.327
0.078–1.374
0.127
—
—
—
No (ref)
28 (9.4)
270 (90.6)
—
—
—
—
—
—
WHZ
<−2 SD
6 (15.0)
34 (85.0)
0.731
0.299–1.788
4.492
—
—
—
≥−2 SD (ref)
24 (21.1)
90 (78.9)
—
—
—
—
—
—
BMI
<18.5
0 (0.0)
166 (100.0)
1.00
0.001–1904.991
1.00
—
—
—
≥18.5 (ref)
0 (0.0)
40 (100)
—
—
—
—
—
—
Ref = referenced variable; TB = tuberculosis; cHR = crude hazard ratio; aHR = adjusted hazard ratio; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval; NVP = nevirapine; EFV = efavirenz; LPV/r = lopinavir/ritonavir; ABC = abacavir; 3TC = lamivudine; AZT = zidovudine; d4T = starvudine; HAART = highly active antiretroviral therapy; WHO = World Health Organization; WHZ = weight for health Z score; BMI = body mass index; #2006 WHO age-dependent immunological criteria dichotomized into Yes or No for severe immunosuppression.
