Persistence and Time Trends in the Temperatures in Spain

Table 2

Estimates of the time trend coefficients, the fractional differencing parameters and the seasonal AR(1) coefficients. Series: 𝑇_min. 𝑡-values in parenthesis. In brackets the 95% confidence bands for the orders of integration.)

Location	Intercept (𝛽0)	Time Tr. (𝛽1)	Order diff. (𝑑)	Seas. AR (𝜌)
BADAJOZ	93.7592	0.02152	0.384	0.8432
	(5.229)	(0.427)	[0.279,  0.518]
MADRID	84.736	0.02779	0.336	0.9123
	(4.927)	(0.656)	[0.234,  0.466]
MALAGA	128.877	0.05101	0.199	0.9401
	(11.953)	(0.958)	[0.110,  0.312]
SAN SEBASTIAN	97.472	0.01268	0.155	0.8613
	(17.197)	(1.156)	[0.071,  0.261]
VALENCIA	111.669	0.05046	0.362	0.9122
	(6.582)	(1.182)	[0.247,  0.519]
ZARAGOZA	81.653	0.04334	0.254	0.9288
	(6.248)	(1.161)	[0.156,  0.381]