Validation of the HIRHAM-Simulated Indian Summer Monsoon Circulation

Table 1

Gridded observed data sets used for validation of mean sea level pressure (1), geopotential (2), temperature (3), wind (4), and precipitation (5).

Dataset name	Horizontal Resolution	Number of grid points	Longitude	Latitude	Period	Temporal resolution	Source
ERA40^1,2,3,4,5	1.125°	320×80	0–360 global	90-90 global	1957–2002	monthly	Combined (Gauge+Satellite); ECMWF
GPCC4^5	0.5°	720×360	0–360 global	90-90 global	1901–2006	monthly	Gauge (land surface); German Weather Service
IMD-RF^5	1.0°	35×32	66.5–101.5 (°E)	6.5–38.5 (°N)	1951–2003	daily	Gauge (land surface India); IMD