Potential Impacts of the Introduction of Low-Sulfur Fuel on PM_𝟐.𝟓 Concentrations at Breathing Level in a Subarctic City

Table 3

Monthly average of near-surface air temperature (𝑇), dewpoint temperature (𝑇_𝑑), wind speed (𝑣), relative humidity (RH) and downward shortwave radiation (𝑅_𝑠), ABL-height (ℎ) and sea-level pressure (SLP), and precipitation (𝑃) in the nonattainment area as obtained by REF (first value) and LSF (second value). Relative differences are in brackets. The letters L and N represent changes <0.001 and no change, respectively.

	October	November	December	January	February	March
𝑇(^°C)	−8.1∣−8.5; (−0.3)	−14.7∣−14.7; N	−17.5∣−17.5; (−L)	−18.2∣−18.2; (−L)	−13.7∣−13.9; (−0.2)	−13.5∣−13.1; (+0.4)
𝑇𝑑 (^°C)	−10.5∣−10.8; (−0.3)	−17.3∣−17.3; N	−21.2∣−21.2; (−L)	−21.7∣−21.7; (−L)	−16.6∣−16.8; (−0.2)	−16.6∣−16.2; (+0.5)
𝑣 (m/s)	2.27∣2.23; (−0.04)	1.93∣1.93; N	2.68∣2.68; (+L)	2.62∣2.62; (+L)	2.18∣2.17; (−0.01)	3.74∣3.74; (−L)
RH (%)	81∣81; (+L)	79∣79; N	72∣72; N	72∣72; (−L)	78∣78; (+L)	76∣76; (+L)
𝑅𝑠 (W/m^2)	50∣51; (+1)	12∣12; N	2∣2; N	8∣8; (+L)	38∣38; (L)	103∣108; (+5)
𝑅𝐿 (W/m^2)	229∣227; (+2)	215∣215; N	196∣196; (−L)	194∣194; (−L)	215∣215; (+L)	212∣212; (−L)
ℎ (m)	306∣284; (−21)	157∣157; N	258∣258; (L)	340∣340; (L)	237∣233; (−4)	622∣630; (+8)
SLP (hPa)	1006.8∣1006.9; (+0.1)	1005.9∣1005.9; N	1018.6∣1018.6; N	1013.0∣1013.0; N	1015.2∣1015.2; (+0.0)	1012.3∣1012.2; (−0.1)
𝑃 (mm)	0.5∣1.4; (+0.9)	0.4∣0.4; N	0.6∣0.6; N	0.5∣0.5; (+L)	0.7∣0.9; (+0.2)	0.6∣0.6; (+L)