Long-Term (1951–2007) Rainfall Trends around Six Indian Cities: Current State, Meteorological, and Urban Dynamics

Table 1

Upwind and downwind grids around the six selected locations along with the dominant surface wind flow and the dispersion of pollutants during the monsoon period.

Location	Upwind grid	Downwind grid	Surface wind	Dispersion of pollutants
Delhi	27.5°N–78.5°E	29.5°N–76.5°E	Mostly from southeast	Mostly to northwest
Hyderabad	16.5°N–77.5°E	18.5°N–79.5°E	Southwest	Northeast
Kanpur	25.5°N–81.5°E	27.5°N–79.5°E	Mostly from southeast	Mostly to northwest
Jaipur	25.5°N–76.5°E	27.5°N–74.5°E	Mostly from southeast	Mostly to northwest
Nagpur	20.5°N–78.5°E	22.5°N–80.5°E	Southwest	Northeast
Bangalore	11.5°N–76.5°E	13.5°N–78.5°E	Southwest	Northeast