A Subgrid Parameterization for Wind Turbines in Weather Prediction Models with an Application to Wind Resource Limits

Figure 1

The capacity factor 𝐶_𝑓, the thrust coefficient 𝐶_𝑡, and power coefficient 𝐶_𝑝 for the wind turbine parameterization configured to model the Bonus Energy A/S 2 MW wind turbine. 𝑉_in=4, 𝑉_out=25, 𝛼=0.3, 𝛽=1.18×10⁻⁵, 𝑉₀=10, 𝐶_𝑡𝑠=0.158, and 𝐶_𝑡𝑝=0.87.