A Subgrid Parameterization for Wind Turbines in Weather Prediction Models with an Application to Wind Resource Limits

Figure 6

Area-averaged wind speed change that results from deploying wind turbines, as a function of height and time. The height of the top and bottom of the rotor are indicated by longer tick marks at the extreme right. The extent of the wind reduction above the tops of the turbines is indicative of power extraction from those layers, a complicated prediction requiring a numerical weather prediction model.