Influence of Biomass Burning on Temporal and Diurnal Variations of Acidic Gases, Particulate Nitrate, and Sulfate in a Tropical Urban Atmosphere

Table 3

Indicators for formation of secondary formation during three episodes.

Particulars of parameters	Prehaze period (mean ± SD)	Haze period (mean ± SD)	Posthaze period (mean ± SD)
Sulfur conversion ratio (𝐹𝑠) (%)	21.5±9.6	34.1±13.7	14.1±9.3
Nitrogen conversion ratio (𝐹𝑛) (%)	62.8±12.4	72.9±15.8	51.8±15.7
Ratio of SO2 to SO4^2−	3.6±2.4	1.9±1.5	6.1±4.6
Ratio of HNO3 to NO3^−	0.6±0.6	0.4±0.4	0.9±0.9

SD: standard deviation.