Scenario-Based Impact Assessment of Land Use/Cover and Climate Changes on Watershed Hydrology in Heihe River Basin of Northwest China

Table 3

List of calibration parameters and the optimized values.

Parameter	Description	Range	Optimized value
TLAPS	Temperature lapse rate °C/km	0, −10	−3.8
PLAPS	Precipitation lapse rate mm H2O/km	0, 100	5.8
SFTMP	Snowfall temperature °C	−2, +2	0.9
SMTMP	Snow melt base temperature °C	−5, +5	2.1
SNOEB	Initial snow water content in elevation band mm	50, 230	100
TIMP	Snowpack temperature lag factor	0.38–0.62	0.49
SMFMN	Melt factor for snow on December 21 mm H2O/°C-day	3.05–3.51	3.25
SMFMX	Melt factor for snow on June 21 mm H2O/°C-day	5.85–6.27	6.02
SURLAG	Surface runoff lag time days	4.18–5.19	4.68