Advances in Meteorology

Research Article

Characteristics of Atmospheric Metalliferous Particles during Large-Scale Fireworks in Korea

Table 1

Statistical summary (mean ± standard deviation) of meteorological parameters at two sites M1-M2 during the daytime (a) and nighttime (b) and daily mean concentrations of trace metal and elements at three sites A1–A3 (c) during the study periods.

(a) Daytime


Parameters	2011			2012			2013
Parameters	Oct. 28	Oct. 29	Oct. 30	Oct. 27	Oct. 28	Oct. 29	Oct. 25	Oct. 26	Oct. 27

Temp. (°C)	19.1 ± 2.4	19.3 ± 1.1	17.3 ± 0.7	17.4 ± 1.1	19.9 ± 2.2	17.6 ± 3.0	17.6 ± 2.0	16.4 ± 2.3	16.3 ± 2.9
RH (%)	56.1	66.4	73.8	91.5	46.3	57.8	48.7	51.3	46.3
Wind speed (m s⁻¹)	2.0 ± 0.7	2.4 ± 0.9	2.2 ± 0.8	1.7 ± 1.3	3.1 ± 1.1	1.3 ± 0.7	2.5 ± 0.8	1.7 ± 0.6	2.4 ± 1.2
Wind direction	NE/NW	NE/NW	NE	NE	NW/SW	SW/SE	NE	NW/NE	SW
Rainfall (mm)	0	0	0	97	0	0	0	0	0
PM₁₀ (g m⁻³)	19.9 ± 6.3	22.9 ± 6.7	13.1 ± 4.8	24.4 ± 7.6	27.2 ± 8.8	34.9 ± 4.6	49.2 ± 6.4	34.6 ± 5.4	40.3 ± 7.2
O₃ (ppb)	—	33 ± 5	35 ± 2	27 ± 8	48 ± 3	34 ± 18	41 ± 12	36 ± 7	45 ± 12

Concentrations at the A1 site.

(b) Nighttime


Parameters	2011			2012			2013
Parameters	Oct. 28	Oct. 29	Oct. 30	Oct. 27	Oct. 28	Oct. 29	Oct. 25	Oct. 26	Oct. 27

Temp. (°C)	17.6 ± 0.8	16.1 ± 0.5	15.1 ± 0.7	18.6 ± 0.8	14.4 ± 2.2	15.1 ± 1.2	12.7 ± 1.6	12.1 ± 2.2	11.3 ± 2.0
RH (%)	68.2	84.6	71.4	83.5	55.1	65.9	61.3	66.8	63.2
Wind speed (m s⁻¹)	1.6 ± 0.7	2.4 ± 0.9	2.4 ± 0.6	2.3 ± 0.9	1.0 ± 0.6	1.3 ± 0.9	1.6 ± 0.5	0.9 ± 0.5	0.3 ± 0.3
Wind direction	NE/NW	NE	NE/NW	SW	NW/SW	NW	NW	NW/SW	NE
Rainfall (mm)	0	9.3	0	38	0	0	0	0	0
PM₁₀ (g m⁻³)	18.6 ± 2.5	19.6 ± 7.6	22.9 ± 3.9	19.1 ± 7.7	32.5 ± 5.0	31.0 ± 5.2	42.8 ± 3.4	35.2 ± 5.5	34.5 ± 2.9
O₃ (ppb)	37 ± 3	34 ± 5	31 ± 2	34 ± 4	30 ± 6	35 ± 5	25 ± 8	32 ± 8	34 ± 10

Concentrations at the A1 site.

(c) All day


Metal and elements	2011			2012			2013
Metal and elements	Oct. 28	Oct. 29	Oct. 30	Oct. 27	Oct. 28	Oct. 29	Oct. 25	Oct. 26	Oct. 27

Pb (ng m⁻³)	31.9 ± 2.0	20.8 ± 5.5	20.7 ± 0.7	15.0 ± 2.6	43.7 ± 7.6	34.3 ± 14.5	30.3 ± 11.0	37.3 ± 11.7	30.7 ± 5.7
Cd (ng m⁻³)	0.8 ± 0.2	0.5 ± 0.1	0.4 ± 0.1	<0.1	1.0 ± 0.0	0.67 ± 0.58	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1
Cr (ng m⁻³)	4.4 ± 2.0	3.2 ± 1.4	2.6 ± 0.6	9.7 ± 0.6	12.7 ± 0.6	12.7 ± 2.5	1.7 ± 1.5	2.7 ± 1.5	1.3 ± 2.3
Cu (ng m⁻³)	27.5 ± 9.5	15.3 ± 6.9	15.6 ± 8.7	10.3 ± 3.1	27.7 ± 10.3	21.7 ± 13.3	15.3 ± 4.0	25.7 ± 11.0	29.3 ± 19.7
As (ng m⁻³)	5.4 ± 1.5	6.8 ± 0.7	10.1 ± 0.4	<0.1	1.0 ± 1.0	6.3 ± 7.6	6.0 ± 3.0	3.0 ± 5.2	1.0 ± 1.7
Sr (ng m⁻³)				3.0 ± 1.7	5.7 ± 1.5	3.7 ± 1.2	5.3 ± 0.6	14.3 ± 19.6	3.0 ± 1.0
Al (g m⁻³)				0.06 ± 0.01	0.32 ± 0.09	0.21 ± 0.07	0.54 ± 0.03	0.47 ± 0.06	0.34 ± 0.04
K (g m⁻³)				0.32 ± 0.03	0.42 ± 0.02	0.31 ± 0.08	0.29 ± 0.03	0.52 ± 0.39	0.22 ± 0.17
Na (g m⁻³)				4.3 ± 2.6	2.3 ± 0.2	2.7 ± 0.5	0.80 ± 0.32	0.70 ± 0.36	0.35 ± 0.29
Ca (g m⁻³)				0.28 ± 0.07	1.0 ± 0.3	0.68 ± 0.20	1.10 ± 0.08	0.85 ± 0.12	0.73 ± 0.08