A Study of Coupling Parameter Estimation Implemented by 4D-Var and EnKF with a Simple Coupled System

Figure 4

Time-averaged normalized absolute errors of in (a) EXP-1, (b) EXP-2, (c) EXP-3, and (d) EXP-4 of the 4D-Var CPE. The absolute error of is normalized by its climatological standard deviation (0.15). All panels use the same shade scale.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)