Review Article

Climate Warming: Is There Evidence in Africa?

Table 2

Estimates of in the original data using a long memory model with seasonal AR disturbances.

No regressorsAn interceptA linear time trend

(a) South Africa
DURBAN0.896 (0.802, 1.011)0.244 (0.162, 0.346)0.244 (0.161, 0.347)
PRETORIA0.676 (0.594, 0.773)0.225 (0.142, 0.327)0.225 (0.142, 0.329)
CAPE TOWN0.726 (0.634, 0.835)0.151 (0.077, 0.242)0.153 (0.07, 0.246)

(b) Côte d’Ivoire
BONDOUKOU0.941 (0.861, 1.037)0.318 (0.241, 0.417)0.319 (0.242, 0.418)
GAGNOA0.893 (0.824, 0.976)0.295 (0.216, 0.407)0.293 (0.204, 0.405)
ABIDJAN0.916 (0.847, 1.006)0.410 (0.311, 0.534)0.411 (0.311, 0.534)

(c) Kenya
KISUMU0.857 (0.792, 0.923)0.389 (0.295, 0.512)0.391 (0.294, 0.516)
MOMBASA0.992 (0.906, 1.095)0.555 (0.431, 0.707)0.555 (0.432, 0.705)
NAIROBI0.877 (0.807, 0.966)0.409 (0.307, 0.541)0.408 (0.302, 0.542)

In bold: the significant estimates according to the deterministic terms. In parenthesis: the 95% confidence bands of the estimates of .