Research Article

Reconstruction of Typhoon Structure Using 3-Dimensional Doppler Radar Radial Velocity Data with the Multigrid Analysis: A Case Study in an Idealized Simulation Context

Table 1

Root mean square errors (RMSE) of , , and component in different experiments. MG_RADAR represents the STMAS results by only assimilating radial wind data. MG_COARSE represents the STMAS results by assimilating only coarse conventional data. MG_RADAR_COARSE represents the STMAS results by assimilating both radial wind data and coarse conventional data. MG_MODERATE and MG_RADAR_MODERATE are similar to MG_COARSE and MG_RADAR_COARSE but with the conventional data substituted by moderate conventional data. MG_DENSE and MG_RADAR_DENSE are similar to MG_COARSE and MG_RADAR_COARSE but with the conventional data substituted by dense conventional data. MG_RADAR_DENSE_WEAK is similar to MG_RADAR_DENSE but with weak constraint. T50_RADAR_DENSE represents the results of traditional 3D-Var with correlation scales being  km,  km, and  km by assimilating both radial wind data and dense conventional data; T25_RADAR_DENSE is similar to T50_RADAR_DENSE but for  km,  km, and  km; T12_RADAR_DENSE is similar to T50_RADAR_DENSE but for  km,  km, and  km; T06_RADAR_DENSE is similar to T50_RADAR_DENSE but for  km,  km, and  km.

ExperimentRMSE of (m/s)RMSE of (m/s)RMSE of (m/s)

MG_RADAR15.703214.51972.3663
MG_COARSE9.25929.21951.4610
MG_RADAR_COARSE7.95007.60291.3757
MG_MODERATE3.21963.19660.8228
MG_RADAR_MODERATE3.06492.61480.7930
MG_DENSE1.07071.08490.5494
MG_RADAR_DENSE1.05141.01350.5373
MG_RADAR_DENSE_WEAK1.07471.02542.0840
T50_RADAR_DENSE6.89447.11181.3832
T25_RADAR_DENSE2.84252.71350.8172
T12_RADAR_DENSE3.77253.67730.7787
T06_RADAR_DENSE10.299810.26311.3669