Chemical Characteristics of High PM Episodes Occurring in Spring 2014, Seoul, Korea
Table 2
Chemical composition of Case and Case compared to annual average.
Species
Annual average
Case
Case
Mass
PM10
59 ± 40(1)
142 ± 35 (2.4)(2)
165 ± 58 (2.8)
PM2.5
37 ± 28
112 ± 30 (3.0)
66 ± 16 (1.8)
Carbons
Organic carbon
3.8 ± 2.7
10.5 ± 2.0 (2.8)
7.9 ± 2.3 (2.1)
Elemental carbon
1.6 ± 1.0
3.7 ± 0.9 (2.3)
2.5 ± 0.8 (1.6)
Ions
Sulfate
7.5 ± 8.3
26.7 ± 9.9 (3.6)
12.4 ± 2.5
Nitrate
8.0 ± 8.2
24.5 ± 8.7 (3.1)
15.4 ± 6.8
Chloride
0.5 ± 0.7
1.0 ± 0.7 (2.0)
1.4 ± 0.9
Sodium
0.2 ± 0.2
0.2 ± 0.1 (1.0)
0.8 ± 0.4
Ammonium
5.0 ± 5.0
16.6 ± 5.5 (3.3)
7.7 ± 2.5
Potassium
0.2 ± 0.2
0.6 ± 0.2 (2.5)
0.5 ± 0.2
Magnesium
0.2 ± 0.3
0.4 ± 0.3 (2.0)
1.1 ± 0.4
Calcium
0.5 ± 1.0
0.8 ± 0.3 (1.6)
7.0 ± 2.9
Sum of ionic species
Metals
Calcium
0.2 ± 0.3
0.5 ± 0.3 (2.5)
9.0 ± 4.3
Potassium
1.0 ± 0.7
2.9 ± 0.7 (2.9)
5.8 ± 2.1
Iron
0.3 ± 0.2
0.5 ± 0.2 (1.7)
4.8 ± 2.6
Nickel
0.002 ± 0.003
0.003 ± 0.002 (1.5)
0.005 ± 0.002
Arsenic
0.005 ± 0.004
0.015 ± 0.004 (3.0)
0.012 ± 0.003
Selenium
0.002 ± 0.002
0.006 ± 0.002 (3.0)
0.002 ± 0.001
Lead
0.030 ± 0.031
0.097 ± 0.029 (3.2)
0.066 ± 0.020
(1)Each value is the average ± standard deviation. (2)The values in parenthesis are the ratio of each parameter compared to the annual average concentration.
