Recent Intensified Winter Coldness in the Mid-High Latitudes of Eurasia and Its Relationship with Daily Extreme Low Temperature Variability

Figure 1

Changing extreme cold events, 925 hPa temperature variability, and CI. Zonal mean (0°–180°E) winter cold days ((a) unit: days), cold nights ((b) unit: days), intraseasonal variance (c), and CI (d) during 1979–2013. The values are calculated at each grid point before area averaging for 5° latitude bands from 30°N to 70°N. The 1979–2013 mean is used as the climatological value in (d). The units for (a) and (b) are days.

(a) Cold days

(b) Cold nights

(c) Standard variance

(d) CI