Evaluation of Air Quality Model Performance for Simulating Long-Range Transport and Local Pollution of PM_2.5 in Japan

Table 2

Statistical comparisons between observed and simulated (EBase) daily mean concentrations of PM_2.5 and its major components at the observation sites for PM_2.5 components for four seasons in JFY2010.

	PM2.5	OA	EC	Sulfate	Nitrate	Ammonium
Sample number	674	674	674	674	601	671
Mean obs.	19.9 (15.0)	5.0 (3.3)	1.3 (0.9)	5.1 (4.7)	2.0 (3.0)	2.3 (2.2)
Mean sim.	17.1 (14.8)	2.0 (2.2)	1.2 (0.9)	4.6 (4.5)	3.1 (4.0)	2.5 (2.5)
	0.86	0.63	0.82	0.87	0.79	0.88
MBE	−2.8	−3.0	−0.1	−0.5	1.1	0.3
RMSE	8.4	3.9	0.6	2.4	2.7	1.2
NMB	−14%	−59%	−8%	−9%	53%	12%
NRMSE	42%	79%	44%	47%	133%	55%
PF2	86%	24%	86%	87%	50%	80%
IA	0.92	0.63	0.90	0.93	0.85	0.93

Note: parenthetical values show standard deviations. Units of mean, MBE, and RMSE values are μg m⁻³.