Effects of Landscape Design on Urban Microclimate and Thermal Comfort in Tropical Climate

Table 2

Boundary conditions and initial setting of the ENVI-met model.

Location	Singapore 103^°51′E, 1^°18′N
Climate	Tropical climate
Date/time simulated	From 04:00 to 22:00 (18 h) on 30 April 2012
Model domain	Bedok: 150 × 98 × 30 grids; Note: vertical grid with the equidistant method
Meteorological inputs	Air temperature and relative humidity: hourly data from the measurement on-site; Wind speed and direction: hourly data from the meteorological station; Specific humidity (2500 m) = 7 g/kg
Initial soil temperature and relative humidity	Upper layer (0–20 cm): 305 K/30%; Middle layer (20–50 cm): 307 K/40%; Deeper layer (below 50 cm): 306 K/50%
Building conditions	Inside temperature = 293 K (constant); Heat transmission walls = 1.94 W/m^2·K; Heat transmission roofs = 6 W/m^2·K; Albedo walls = 0.2; Albedo roofs = 0.3
Plants	Trees: 10 m dense, leafless base; Trees: 20 m dense, leafless base; Grass: 20 cm average dense