Interdecadal Variability of Summer Precipitation Efficiency in East Asia

Figure 4

Differences in SST between 1999–2011 and 1983–1998 in the previous autumn (a), previous winter (b), spring (c), and summer (d) (contour interval: 0.2°C). Previous autumn and winter denote the seasons before one year, which means the SST differences in autumn and winter between 1998–2010 and 1982–1997, respectively. Differences in geopotential height (contour interval: 5 gpdm) and horizontal winds in boreal summer between 1999–2011 and 1983–1998 at 200 hPa (e, f) and 850 hPa (g, h). Solid (dashed) contours denote positive (negative) anomalies and thick solid lines denote zero. Red (blue) color shadings from light to dark indicate statistical significance at the 90%, 95%, and 99% levels. Thick vectors in (f) and (h) denote statistical significance at the 95% level.

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