Estimating Rice Panicle Temperature with Three-Layer Model

Table 1

Input parameters required for the calculation in the three-layer model.

Symbol	Name	Unit
Forcing parameters
Rn	Net radiation for the whole canopy	W m^−2
	Soil heat flux	W m^−2
Ld	Downward long-wave radiation for the whole canopy	W m^−2
Lu	Upward long-wave radiation for the whole canopy	W m^−2
Ta	Air temperature	°C
ea	Water vapor pressure of the air	hPa
u	Wind speed	m s^−2
Ground characteristics
	Water temperature	°C
	Water depth	m
	Latent heat flux between water surface beneath canopy and atmosphere	W m^−2
Canopy characteristics
a1	Green leaf and yellow leaf area index in the upper canopy layer	m^2 m^−3
a2	Green leaf and yellow leaf area index in the lower canopy layer	m^2 m^−3
PAR	Photosynthetically active radiation	μ mol m^−2 s^−1
	Stomatal resistance	cm s^−1

Note: was referred to Oue’s literature [32]; other data were observed.