Estimating Rice Panicle Temperature with Three-Layer Model

Table 6

Error analysis statistics of the comparison between measured and calculated canopy and panicle temperatures by models.

Temperature	RMSE (°C)	MAE (°C)	SD (°C)
Tc estimated by three-layer model	0.73	0.81	0.64
Tc estimated by two-layer model	1.21	1.56	1.25
Tc1 estimated by three-layer model	0.76	0.75	0.74
Tc2 estimated by three-layer model	0.75	0.63	0.98
Tp estimated by three-layer model	0.81	0.7	0.67
Tp estimated by IM^2PCT	1.27	0.95	0.76

Note: T_c is the canopy temperature (°C); two-layer model is developed by Yan and Oue [38]; T_c1 and T_c2 are the upper and lower layer canopy temperatures, respectively; T_p is the panicle temperature (°C); IM²PACT is integrated micrometeorology model for panicle and canopy temperature developed by Yoshimoto et al. [30]; RMSE is the root mean square error, MAE is the mean absolute error, and SD is the standard deviation.