Changes in Temperature Trends and Extremes over Saudi Arabia for the Period 1978–2019

Table 5

Relative value indices linear trends (days per decade) at different station locations in Saudi Arabia for the period 1978–2019.

Station	TN10p	TX10p	TN90p	TN95p	TN99p	TX90p	TX95p	TX99p
Tabuk	−14.47^a	−7.74^a	18.48^a	10.70^a	3.53^a	7.18a	4.27^a	1.56^a
Turaif	−11.19^a	−7.00^a	9.54^a	5.91^a	2.45^a	4.65b	3.26^a	1.38^b
Guriat	−11.57^a	−4.66^b	15.73^a	9.09^a	3.24^a	3.82c	2.58^c	0.52
Rafha	−15.71^a	−7.60^a	25.38^a	16.12^a	5.30^a	5.76a	3.56^b	1.74^b
Arar	−12.97^a	−12.16^a	22.98^a	15.31^a	4.67^a	15.58a	9.92^a	3.52^a
Al-Jouf	−16.76^a	−10.83^a	29.97^a	20.39^a	7.40^a	15.33a	10.96^a	4.49^a
Hail	−14.25^a	−13.64^a	12.54^a	8.21^a	2.80^a	15.49a	9.37^a	2.73^a
Gassim	−10.27^a	−17.35^a	14.49^a	9.64^a	3.53^a	20.49a	12.23^a	3.71^a
Riyadh	−16.19^a	−7.00^a	31.20^a	20.74^a	6.87^a	8.33a	4.49^b	1.29
Al-Qaisumah	−14.11^a	−12.11^a	12.18^a	6.17^a	1.63^a	14.11a	9.40^a	3.57^a
Dammam	7.60^c	15.02^b	40.09^a	23.74^a	0.00	25.85a	14.84^a	0.00
Al-Ahsa	−13.59^a	−12.66^a	21.21^a	12.68^a	3.30^a	17.83a	11.09^a	3.20^a
Al-Wejh	−11.93^a	−17.83^a	18.53^a	12.15^a	4.49^a	11.23a	4.44^a	1.59^a
Madinah	−11.86^a	−9.00^a	20.50^a	12.85^a	4.87^a	5.99a	3.55^b	1.62^a
Yenbo	−8.68^a	−19.12^a	15.44^a	9.98^a	3.26^a	13.12a	7.43^a	2.12^a
Jeddah	−11.34^a	−4.16	34.09^a	24.54^a	10.98^a	3.42c	1.73	1.11^b
Taif	−5.34^b	−14.68^b	11.95^a	6.87^a	2.85^a	18.25a	9.89^a	3.11^a
Makkah	−19.55^a	−12.19^a	35.22^a	21.17^a	6.35^a	19.36a	12.36^a	5.08^a
Al-Baha	−7.23^a	−12.33^a	18.91^a	12.47^a	5.77^a	9.72b	3.12	0.36
Gizan	−10.02^a	−8.88^a	23.75^a	14.14^a	3.81^a	−4.28	−3.34	−1.00
Khamis Mushait	−36.97^a	−14.70^a	19.48^a	11.40^a	3.33^a	19.17a	11.90^a	5.50^a
Abha	−15.91^a	−14.90^a	33.85^a	22.66^a	7.28^a	30.76a	21.00^a	9.80^a
Bisha	−10.76^a	−16.61^a	15.23^a	9.44^a	3.09^a	12.38a	6.24^a	1.66^b
Najran	−11.52^a	−15.52^a	7.13^a	3.40^a	0.82^c	15.51a	8.24^a	2.51^a
Sharorah	−9.11^a	−5.25^b	13.80^a	8.07^a	2.29^b	10.66a	5.40^a	2.75^a
Country	−12.55^a	−10.52^a	20.87^a	13.11^a	4.16^a	12.79c	7.52^a	2.56^a

The superscripts a, b, and c represent statistical significance at 99%, 95%, and 90% confidence level, respectively.