A GA-Based BP Artificial Neural Network for Estimating Monthly Surface Air Temperature of the Antarctic during 1960–2019

<div>Annual variations of the MAEs and RMSEs associated with the three interpolation methods used for estimating monthly Antarctic SAT during the period 1960–2019. The annual MAE in a year is the average of monthly MAEs at all sites for all months in that year. The annual RMSE was calculated in the same way.</div>

Advances in Meteorology

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Figure 5

Figure 5: A GA-Based BP Artificial Neural Network for Estimating Monthly Surface Air Temperature of the Antarctic during 1960–2019 