A GA-Based BP Artificial Neural Network for Estimating Monthly Surface Air Temperature of the Antarctic during 1960–2019

Figure 6

Temporal variations of the Antarctic SAT during 1960–2019 on monthly and annual timescales. The dotted blue and red lines denote the linear trends of the Antarctic SAT during 1960–1989 and 1990–2019, respectively. The trends (unit: °C/year) and their significance (i.e., values) were calculated using the Mann–Kendall trend test method [61].