The Influence of Work Zone Management on User Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Life Cycle Assessment on Highway Pavement Maintenance

Table 3

Work zone user CO₂ emissions components of maintenance event in life cycle of case freeway pavement (from 2007 to 2022).

Work zone user CO2 emissions components	CO2 emissions (tons)	Percentage (%)
Speed change delay CO2 emissions	305.44	18.09
Reduced speed delay CO2 emissions	655.96	38.84
Queue speed change delay CO2 emissions	290.31	17.19
Reduced speed delay CO2 emissions in queue	436.96	25.88
Total	1688.67	100.00