A Novel Approach for Monitoring the Ecoenvironment of Alpine Wetlands using Big Geospatial Data and Cloud Computing
Table 2
Monitoring index system of EEAW in western plateau of Sichuan province.
Environmental index
Subindex
Principle of index selection and its ecological analysis
Vegetation
GIMMS_NDVI
The swamp wetlands in the study area are dominated by swamp meadows. The vegetation coverage monitoring of the swamp wetlands can reflect the trend of wetland salinization and desertification. The occurrence of salinization and desertification indicates that the wetland ecological environment in this area has deteriorated. The vegetation index is a good remote sensing data product that represents the vegetation coverage; we select NDVI and EVI as the wetland vegetation monitoring indicator
SPOT_NDVI
MOD_NDVI
MOD_EVI
Biomass
MOD_GPP
Wetland vegetation productivity (GPP and NPP) and photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) can better reflect the growth status and activity of wetland vegetation. The two indicators can reflect the ecological environment change of the wetland from another aspect
MOD_NPP
MOD_FPAR
Hydrology
MOD_NDWI
The water index is a remote sensing data product that can better reflect the distribution of surface water. Ice and snow melt water is an important water source for alpine wetlands. Snow cover and snow depth can reflect the wetland hydrological environment from the side, according to the regulations on wetland hydrology in GB/T 24708-2009. Combining the regional hydrological conditions of Ganzi and Aba prefectures and the availability of datasets, we selected the normalized water index (NDWI), water extent, surface soil moisture, and the thickness and area of ice and snow cover in the upstream area as the hydrological conditions of the alpine wetland monitoring indicators
JRC_WAT
NOAA_SMO
ERA5_SCO
ERA5_SDE
Climate
ERA5_ATP
As an important part of the QTP, WSCP is sensitive to global climate change. Alpine wetland vegetation and hydrological changes are affected by climate change, so climate index is used as the ecological environment factors of alpine wetlands monitoring. We select the air temperature (ATP), precipitation (PRE), evaporation (ET), drought index (PDSI), and land surface temperature (LST) raster data
ERA5_PRE
MOD_ET
MOD_LST
IDAHO_PDSI
Human activity
WPP_POP
WSCP is an ecologically fragile area, and the alpine wetland is easily disturbed by human activity, especially population increase, residential expansion, and overgrazing. We use satellite-driven products, such as night light image, to represent population distribution and expansion
