Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Rainfall Variability and Trends for Improved Climate Risk Management in Kayonza District, Eastern Rwanda

Table 1

Seasonal and annual rainfall characteristics with maximum (MAX), minimum (MIN), long term mean (LTM), standard deviation (SD, in mm), coefficient of variation (CV in %), seasonal contribution to annual mean rainfall (Cont. in%), trend magnitude (Q in mm/year) and significance (Sig, at 99% (), 95% () and greater than 90% (+) confidence level respectively) for the four near homogeneous climatic zone (R1–R4) from 1981–2021 over Kayonza district.

Seasonal rainfall characteristics
Season	Region	MAX; (mm)	MIN; (mm)	LTM; (mm)	SD; (mm)	CV; (%)	Cont.; (%)	Q; (mm/year)	Sig
JF	R1	318	39	135	62	46	15	−0.3
	R2	271	34	131	61	46	16	0.5
	R3	396	52	149	75	50	16	2.6
	R4	288	32	129	62	48	15	1.4
MAM	R1	598	149	360	97	27	41	−0.5
	R2	541	101	329	91	28	41	−1.8
	R3	557	109	365	96	26	40	−0.7
	R4	490	190	335	81	24	38	−0.5
JJA	R1	225	8	52	51	98	6	−0.1
	R2	227	2	56	47	83	7	0.3
	R3	258	0	64	58	89	7	0.8
	R4	210	6	50	45	90	6	0.5
SOND	R1	580	123	332	99	30	37	−0.7
	R2	561	73	286	96	33	36	1.9
	R3	549	121	331	110	33	36	3.5	+
	R4	532	235	366	79	22	41	0.2
ANNUAL	R1	1412	381	887	203	23	—	−1.2
	R2	1235	216	800	200	25	—	2.2
	R3	1482	312	913	237	26	—	7.6
	R4	1175	571	883	144	16	—	3. 1