Copula-Based Joint Flood Frequency Analysis: The Case of Guder River, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia

<div>Joint return period of flood peak and volume: (a) <svg height="12.2578pt" id="M138" style="vertical-align:-3.29568pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.96212 20.4879 12.2578" width="20.4879pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M620 675H597C578 656 570 650 541 650H144C112 650 104 653 94 675H72C59 618 42 552 23 493L53 491C71 534 88 564 105 585C124 608 144 615 238 615H290L197 121C182 40 174 34 88 28L82 0H361L367 28C275 34 266 38 281 121L374 615H441C522 615 543 608 553 583C562 560 566 531 565 493L597 494C603 551 612 629 620 675Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.176,3.132)"><path d="M387 665C175 665 46 498 46 318C46 123 194 -15 374 -15C558 -15 712 114 712 333C712 535 557 665 387 665ZM364 625C495 625 607 518 607 306C607 115 505 25 396 25C256 25 151 161 151 346C151 532 255 625 364 625Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,14.001,3.132)"><path d="M639 21C616 28 593 39 566 68C542 92 523 117 486 170C457 215 415 282 397 314C472 346 524 398 524 485C524 545 497 590 456 617C417 641 369 650 296 650H43V617C122 612 130 608 130 523V129C130 45 122 38 38 33V0H306V33C225 38 216 45 216 129V282H249C302 282 319 270 336 243C365 195 401 132 436 84C483 18 525 -5 597 -8C610 -9 622 -9 635 -9L639 21ZM216 319V559C216 586 219 596 227 603S250 613 281 613C356 613 429 576 429 469C429 416 413 379 374 348C349 327 316 319 265 319H216Z"></path></g></svg> for station-1, (b) <svg height="12.1893pt" id="M139" style="vertical-align:-3.22718pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.96212 27.9048 12.1893" width="27.9048pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M620 675H597C578 656 570 650 541 650H144C112 650 104 653 94 675H72C59 618 42 552 23 493L53 491C71 534 88 564 105 585C124 608 144 615 238 615H290L197 121C182 40 174 34 88 28L82 0H361L367 28C275 34 266 38 281 121L374 615H441C522 615 543 608 553 583C562 560 566 531 565 493L597 494C603 551 612 629 620 675Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.176,3.132)"><path d="M682 0V33C615 38 603 49 571 134C507 305 441 494 378 665L343 655L136 136C101 48 86 41 22 33V0H246V33C170 41 161 50 183 112C196 152 209 192 224 232H441C461 176 478 126 493 87C504 49 499 41 433 33V0H682ZM425 279H242C273 363 303 448 335 533H337L425 279Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,13.573,3.132)"><path d="M731 650H485V618C556 614 580 601 585 558C588 530 592 485 592 390V153H589L173 650H22V618C69 614 92 606 112 582C131 558 132 555 132 483V266C132 175 129 128 125 96C120 49 95 36 36 33V0H281V33C212 36 188 50 183 98C180 129 177 175 177 266V510H179L603 -9H638V390C638 483 640 530 644 561C649 602 674 615 731 618V650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,20.435,3.132)"><path d="M43 650V617C122 612 130 606 130 522V128C130 44 122 37 34 32V0H275C400 0 497 25 573 82C652 142 698 229 698 350C698 445 662 518 613 565C549 625 456 650 327 650H43ZM217 544C217 580 220 591 229 599C240 607 264 613 311 613C380 613 437 599 482 570C561 523 598 436 598 336C598 177 511 40 324 40C248 40 217 61 217 135V544Z"></path></g></svg> for station-1, (c) <svg height="12.2578pt" id="M140" style="vertical-align:-3.29568pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.96212 20.4879 12.2578" width="20.4879pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M620 675H597C578 656 570 650 541 650H144C112 650 104 653 94 675H72C59 618 42 552 23 493L53 491C71 534 88 564 105 585C124 608 144 615 238 615H290L197 121C182 40 174 34 88 28L82 0H361L367 28C275 34 266 38 281 121L374 615H441C522 615 543 608 553 583C562 560 566 531 565 493L597 494C603 551 612 629 620 675Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.176,3.132)"><path d="M387 665C175 665 46 498 46 318C46 123 194 -15 374 -15C558 -15 712 114 712 333C712 535 557 665 387 665ZM364 625C495 625 607 518 607 306C607 115 505 25 396 25C256 25 151 161 151 346C151 532 255 625 364 625Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,14.001,3.132)"><path d="M639 21C616 28 593 39 566 68C542 92 523 117 486 170C457 215 415 282 397 314C472 346 524 398 524 485C524 545 497 590 456 617C417 641 369 650 296 650H43V617C122 612 130 608 130 523V129C130 45 122 38 38 33V0H306V33C225 38 216 45 216 129V282H249C302 282 319 270 336 243C365 195 401 132 436 84C483 18 525 -5 597 -8C610 -9 622 -9 635 -9L639 21ZM216 319V559C216 586 219 596 227 603S250 613 281 613C356 613 429 576 429 469C429 416 413 379 374 348C349 327 316 319 265 319H216Z"></path></g></svg> for station-2, and (d) <svg height="12.1893pt" id="M141" style="vertical-align:-3.22718pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.96212 27.9048 12.1893" width="27.9048pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M620 675H597C578 656 570 650 541 650H144C112 650 104 653 94 675H72C59 618 42 552 23 493L53 491C71 534 88 564 105 585C124 608 144 615 238 615H290L197 121C182 40 174 34 88 28L82 0H361L367 28C275 34 266 38 281 121L374 615H441C522 615 543 608 553 583C562 560 566 531 565 493L597 494C603 551 612 629 620 675Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.176,3.132)"><path d="M682 0V33C615 38 603 49 571 134C507 305 441 494 378 665L343 655L136 136C101 48 86 41 22 33V0H246V33C170 41 161 50 183 112C196 152 209 192 224 232H441C461 176 478 126 493 87C504 49 499 41 433 33V0H682ZM425 279H242C273 363 303 448 335 533H337L425 279Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,13.573,3.132)"><path d="M731 650H485V618C556 614 580 601 585 558C588 530 592 485 592 390V153H589L173 650H22V618C69 614 92 606 112 582C131 558 132 555 132 483V266C132 175 129 128 125 96C120 49 95 36 36 33V0H281V33C212 36 188 50 183 98C180 129 177 175 177 266V510H179L603 -9H638V390C638 483 640 530 644 561C649 602 674 615 731 618V650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,20.435,3.132)"><path d="M43 650V617C122 612 130 606 130 522V128C130 44 122 37 34 32V0H275C400 0 497 25 573 82C652 142 698 229 698 350C698 445 662 518 613 565C549 625 456 650 327 650H43ZM217 544C217 580 220 591 229 599C240 607 264 613 311 613C380 613 437 599 482 570C561 523 598 436 598 336C598 177 511 40 324 40C248 40 217 61 217 135V544Z"></path></g></svg> for station-2.</div>

Advances in Meteorology

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Figure 9

Figure 9: Copula-Based Joint Flood Frequency Analysis: The Case of Guder River, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia 