Dynamics of a General Stochastic Nonautonomous Lotka-Volterra Model with Delays and Impulsive Perturbations

Figure 1

Persistence and extinction of model (68). (a) Extinction a.s. (b) Nonpersistence in the mean a.s. (c) Weak persistence a.s. (d) Stochastic permanence.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)