Regularization of the Boundary-Saddle-Node Bifurcation

Figure 1

Equilibrium transition and nonsmooth fold bifurcation. The discontinuity boundary is displayed as a solid line. The dashed line represents the motion of the equilibrium as a parameter changes. Round points represent ordinary equilibria (filled) or virtual equilibria (hollow). Square points represent pseudoequilibria (filled) or virtual pseudoequilibria (hollow) [14].

(a) Equilibrium transition

(b) Nonsmooth fold