Spatiotemporal Dysfunction of the Vascular Permeability Barrier in Transgenic Mice with Sickle Cell Disease

Figure 1

Vascular barrier dysfunction in sickle mice. (a) Representative images of organs isolated from sickle mice after injection with Evans blue dye and incubation in formamide for three days. (b, c) Vascular leakage in the indicated organs in adult (3–6 months) and middle-aged (10–13 months) mice of the Townes (heterozygotes-HbAS (ℎ𝛽^A/ℎ𝛽^S) and homozygote sickle-HbSS (ℎ𝛽^S/ℎ𝛽^S)) and Berkeley (hemizygotes and sickle) models. The number of mice studied was as follows: Townes: 𝑛=3 for each genotype and age group; Berkeley: Sickle adult, 𝑛=9; sickle middle-aged 𝑛=6; hemizygote adult, 𝑛=10, hemizygote middle-aged 𝑛=5. (d) Vascular leakage correlates with hemoglobin. Data shown is the vascular leakage in the lung for a total of 30 mice (15 sickle and 15 hemizygotes) of the Berkeley model. (e) Typical images for the indicated organs isolated from young (4–6 weeks old) Berkeley mice injected with Evans blue dye and incubated in formamide for 3 days. (f) Histogram showing the quantification of Evans blue extravasation of major organs in young sickle mice (𝑛=4). *𝑃<0.05, **𝑃<0.01, and ***𝑃<0.001.

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